Yes! Our co-op program is a paid program that allows you to gain hands-on experience as you contribute to our mission of making the world a safer place. You’ll collaborate, learn from and network with a multi-disciplinary team of world-class professionals.
Vehicle testing is paramount to our success. Our routes include public roads in Virginia and New Mexico, chosen in part for their diverse terrain, traffic, and weather conditions. Our testing on closed-course tracks includes Virginia Tech Transportation Institute and a Daimler Trucks facility in Madras, Oregon. In addition to test tracks, Torc has tested numerous vehicle platforms on public roads in 20 states over the past 14 years.
Innovation. Resistance. Transformation. Collaboration. These ideas paved the way for a panel discussion at imaginAviation 2024, featuring guest John Marinaro, Torc’s Vice President of Fleet Operations, along with host Dr. John A. Cavolowsky, NASA’s Director, Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program (TACP), and guest Sheilla Torres-Nieves, Associate Professor, Fluid Dynamics and Turbulence at the University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez.
Among the more notable topics were resistance to innovation, transformational innovation, and inspiration for innovation.
Resistance to Innovation
When asked to provide examples of how to overcome an unwillingness to adopt innovation or accept change, Marinaro recounted a statement from the Columbia Accident Investigation board that “NASA Safety wasn’t as credible or competent as it should be.” He then explained: “I spent the rest of my career engineering that out of ever being said in an accident investigation again.” As he led innovation of a safety training program, he encountered resistance from some of the senior SMEs that training could be delivered online using revolutionary lecture-capture technology. However, thanks to beta testing, the program had 250 graduates on day one of the safety training’s deployment and proved a successful innovation.
At Torc, one of the primary challenges is resistance to the idea of self-driving vehicles replacing truck drivers. However, a shortage of drivers at the tune of 60,000, Marinaro explained, is disrupting the supply chain and resulting economics. Torc is looking to fill that gap. Marinaro indicated that Torc’s goal is to create safer conditions through technology that produces real-time reactions through awareness of a 360-degree environment, coupled with the reality that the truck doesn’t “get tired.” He concludes, “At the end day, we’re not going to replace the drivers. We’re just gonna augment them and make it safer.”
Transformational Innovation
When Dr. Cavolowsky posed the question of how we apply transformational innovation, how we get there and what kind of innovation we need to bring, Assistant Professor Torres-Nieves answered, “When we hear transformational, we think about changing the way we live drastically…changing culturally…changing from the fundamentals.” Torres-Nieves mentioned the “Change the World” talent competition offered at her university that she and a peer had engaged. In it, the competition gave both training and funding on how to push the idea out, get support, and advertise it to introduce transformational innovation into industry.
Marinaro offered a story regarding the integration of the Cirrus aircraft parachute system into aircraft which has proven to be a successful transformation in flight safety and resulted from an accident where it was clear the life-saving system was needed for pilots.
Inspiration for Innovation
Cavolowsky asked: “Our world is filled with so many issues and problems. How does one go about finding purpose or fulfillment in solving them?” Torres-Nieves’ suggested, “Do what you love.” She recommended aligning purpose with what you do – not that it’s not frustrating or challenging, but that you persist in spite of the challenges. Meanwhile, Marinaro agreed and expressed that one should continue to learn, to press forward. He said, “80% on time is better than 100% late.” To remedy this, he posed that individuals strategize realistic goals and pursue them to the finish, not necessarily to perfection.
Depending on how much time you spend watching the news, you may hear a lot about “self-driving vehicles,” and you may even hear speculation about how they can do everything from drive themselves to rescuing and altering the American economy. Those are lofty goals to set for any piece of technology, let alone one that is still in its infancy. Rather than focusing on the benefits of this technology, this article will define what we mean by “self-driving” or “autonomous” technology, as well as the several types of autonomous technology that are currently being developed.
An autonomous driving system is any system that is partially or fully capable of driving a vehicle without the aid, assistance, or intervention of a human driver. SAE International created the SAE Levels of Driving Automation in 2014 as a classification system for autonomous vehicles with the goal of providing greater clarity and transparency on the subject of autonomous technology for the benefit of everyone.
An Introduction to the Levels of Autonomy
Autonomous Driving Systems at Level 0 Autonomy: Manual Driving
At Level 0 Autonomy, the vehicle is incapable of autonomous driving and is solely controlled by a human driver. All driving decisions and movements are the responsibility of the driver. In the event of an emergency, a warning or help system may be employed to provide assistance or advice. Prior to the development and commercialization of advanced driver assistance features, all vehicles were Level 0 Autonomy. Even today, with technology pervading every aspect of our lives, the vast majority of vehicles are still Level 0 Autonomy.
Autonomous Driving Systems at Level 1 Autonomy: Assisted Driving
Level 1 Autonomy is characterized as follows: one aspect of the driving process is taken over in isolation, using data from sensors and cameras, but the driver retains entire control of the vehicle. When the driver activates the driving automation system, it can execute either longitudinal or lateral vehicle motion control, depending on the scenario. The driver must always keep an eye on the system and be prepared to take control of the vehicle if necessary. The development of Level 1 Autonomy and autonomous driving technology began in the late 1990s with the creation of the world’s first radar-controlled cruise control and the debut of lane-keep assist in 2008. These were the initial stages in releasing commercially viable autonomous technology for the masses. They were also the first steps to placing less on the driver and developing vehicles with enhanced active safety features.
Autonomous Driving Systems at Level 2 Autonomy: Partially Automated Driving
At this level, computers take on many of the driver’s responsibilities. Today, there are many commercially available vehicles capable of running at Level 2 Autonomy. Their technology makes them intelligent enough to combine speed and steering systems together by relying on multiple data sources, including cameras, radar, LiDAR, and GPS. However, a driver always must be present in the vehicle to take control of the vehicle in the event of an emergency, must keep a continual eye on the system, and best be ready to take over the delegated tasks if necessary. The driver simply must activate the autonomous driving system to use it.
Under specific scenarios, the driving automation system supports the driver with a portion of the active driving duties by steering the vehicle laterally and longitudinally through traffic flow. This complex form of cruise control combines directional, throttle, and brake operations. It uses sophisticated sat-nav data to autonomously brake for curves ahead, maintain a fixed distance from the car in front, and resume driving when traffic jams clear, all while the driver remains sitting. When the driver makes requests, the system will immediately disengage and allow the driver to resume control of the vehicle.
In the next part of this series, we will continue learning about the remaining Level 3 to Level 5 of autonomous driving. We will also discuss which level of autonomy Torc is pursuing and why.
Learn More
For more information, read Torc’s Vehicle Safety Self-Assessment (VSSA) Report. It gives an overview of our safety culture, our technology, and describes how we are collaborating with industry experts to assure the safe development and commercialization of our autonomous driving systems for autonomous freight trucks.
Our self-driving semi-trucks are currently on the road in a testing capacity. With a just-in-case safety driver behind the wheel and a safety conductor in the passenger seat, our trucks are driving through Arizona, Virginia, New Mexico, and Texas.